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Leadership Meet the Administrative Team Departments and Units Aute et fugiat ad est cupidatat esse laborum dolor ex anim anim cillum cillum exercitation culpa. Our Experts Aute et fugiat ad est cupidatat esse laborum dolor ex anim anim cillum cillum exercitation culpa.State Administration Get contact information for Extension administrative personnel by operational area and their respective support personnel. Area Extension Directors Get contact information for the Area Extension Directors (AEDs) County Extension Personnel Aute et fugiat ad est cupidatat esse laborum dolor ex anim anim cillum cillum exercitation culpa.
Carrie Shaffer
Regular Faculty
Associated Departments
Scholars@UK
Discovering molecular paradigms of microbial carcinogenesis
Shaffer, C. L., Jul 2024, In: Nature Reviews Microbiology. 22, 7, p. 389 1 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate
DNA Transport through the Dynamic Type IV Secretion System
Ryan, M. E., Damke, P. P. & Shaffer, C. L., 2023, In: Infection and Immunity. 91, 7Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
Discovery of a Novel Inner Membrane-Associated Bacterial Structure Related to the Flagellar Type III Secretion System
Kaplan, M., Oikonomou, C. M., Wood, C. R., Chreifi, G., Ghosal, D., Dobro, M. J., Yao, Q., Pal, R. R., Baidya, A. K., Liu, Y., Maggi, S., McDowall, A. W., Ben-Yehuda, S., Rosenshine, I., Briegel, A., Beeby, M., Chang, Y. W., Shaffer, C. L. & Jensen, G. J., Aug 2022, In: Journal of Bacteriology. 204, 8Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Novel transient cytoplasmic rings stabilize assembling bacterial flagellar motors
Kaplan, M., Oikonomou, C. M., Wood, C. R., Chreifi, G., Subramanian, P., Ortega, D. R., Chang, Y. W., Beeby, M., Shaffer, C. L. & Jensen, G. J., May 16 2022, In: EMBO Journal. 41, 10, e109523.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Transcriptional effects of melatonin on the gut commensal bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes
Graniczkowska, K. B., Shaffer, C. L. & Cassone, V. M., Mar 2022, In: Genomics. 114, 2, 110321.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
The impact of gel fingernail polish application on the reduction of bacterial viability following a surgical hand scrub
Anderson, S. L., Wisnieski, L., Achilles, S. L., Wooton, K. E., Shaffer, C. L. & Hunt, J. A., Oct 2021, In: Veterinary Surgery. 50, 7, p. 1525-1532 8 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
In situ imaging of bacterial outer membrane projections and associated protein complexes using electron cryo-tomography
Kaplan, M., Chreifi, G., Metskas, L. A., Liedtke, J., Wood, C. R., Oikonomou, C. M., Nicolas, W. J., Subramanian, P., Zacharoff, L. A., Wang, Y., Chang, Y. W., Beeby, M., Dobro, M. J., Zhu, Y., McBride, M. J., Briegel, A., Shaffer, C. L. & Jensen, G. J., Sep 2021, In: eLife. 10, e73099.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Synergistic combinations of clarithromycin with doxycycline or minocycline reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Rhodococcus equi
Erol, E., Shaffer, C. & Lubbers, B. V., Jul 2022, In: Equine Veterinary Journal. 54, 4, p. 799-806 8 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Immunostimulatory membrane proteins potentiate H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis by enabling CagA translocation
Varga, M. G., Wood, C. R., Butt, J., Ryan, M. E., You, W. C., Pan, K., Waterboer, T., Epplein, M. & Shaffer, C. L., 2021, In: Gut Microbes. 13, 1, p. 1-13 13 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
J-Western forms of helicobacter pylori caga constitute a distinct phylogenetic group with a widespread geographic distribution
Duncan, S. S., Valk, P. L., Shaffer, C. L., Bordenstein, S. R. & Cover, T. L., Mar 2012, In: Journal of Bacteriology. 194, 6, p. 1593-1604 12 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Analysis of cagA in helicobacter pylori strains from colombian populations with contrasting gastric cancer risk reveals a biomarker for disease severity
Loh, J. T., Shaffer, C. L., Blanca Piazuelo, M., Bravo, L. E., McClain, M. S., Correa, P. & Cover, T. L., Oct 2011, In: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 20, 10, p. 2237-2249 13 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Human and Helicobacter pylori coevolution shapes the risk of gastric disease
Kodaman, N., Pazos, A., Schneider, B. G., Blanca Piazuelo, M., Mera, R., Sobota, R. S., Sicinschi, L. A., Shaffer, C. L., Romero-Gallo, J., De Sablet, T., Harder, R. H., Bravo, L. E., Peek, R. M., Wilson, K. T., Cover, T. L., Williams, S. M. & Correa, P., Jan 28 2014, In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111, 4, p. 1455-1460 6 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Adhesive Fiber Stratification in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Biofilms Unveils Oxygen-Mediated Control of Type 1 Pili
Floyd, K. A., Moore, J. L., Eberly, A. R., Good, J. A. D., Shaffer, C. L., Zaver, H., Almqvist, F., Skaar, E. P., Caprioli, R. M. & Hadjifrangiskou, M., Mar 1 2015, In: PLoS Pathogens. 11, 3, p. 1-26 26 p., e1004697.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Downregulated Th17 responses are associated with reduced gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-infected children
Serrano, C., Wright, S. W., Bimczok, D., Shaffer, C. L., Cover, T. L., Venegas, A., Salazar, M. G., Smythies, L. E., Harris, P. R. & Smith, P. D., Sep 2013, In: Mucosal Immunology. 6, 5, p. 950-959 10 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Comparative Genomic Analysis of East Asian and Non-Asian Helicobacter pylori Strains Identifies Rapidly Evolving Genes
Duncan, S. S., Valk, P. L., McClain, M. S., Shaffer, C. L., Metcalf, J. A., Bordenstein, S. R. & Cover, T. L., Jan 31 2013, In: PLoS ONE. 8, 1, e55120.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Inhibiting bacterial secretion systems in the fight against antibiotic resistance
Boudaher, E. & Shaffer, C. L., 2019, In: MedChemComm. 10, 5, p. 682-692 11 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
In Vivo Structures of the Helicobacter pylori cag Type IV Secretion System
Chang, Y. W., Shaffer, C. L., Rettberg, L. A., Ghosal, D. & Jensen, G. J., Apr 17 2018, In: Cell Reports. 23, 3, p. 673-681 9 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Purine biosynthesis metabolically constrains intracellular survival of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Shaffer, C. L., Zhang, E. W., Dudley, A. G., Dixon, B. R. E. A., Guckes, K. R., Breland, E. J., Floyd, K. A., Casella, D. P., Algood, H. M. S., Clayton, D. B. & Hadjifrangiskou, M., 2017, In: Infection and Immunity. 85, 1, e00471-16.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Pilicide ec240 disrupts virulence circuits in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Greene, S. E., Pinkner, J. S., Chorell, E., Dodson, K. W., Shaffer, C. L., Conover, M. S., Livny, J., Hadjifrangiskou, M., Almqvist, F. & Hultgren, S. J., Sep 26 2014, In: mBio. 5, 6, e02038-14.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Genetic signatures for Helicobacter pylori strains of West African origin
Bullock, K. K., Shaffer, C. L., Brooks, A. W., Secka, O., Forsyth, M. H., McClain, M. S. & Cover, T. L., Nov 2017, In: PLoS ONE. 12, 11, e0188804.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Thorson, J. (PI), Helmy, Y. A. (CoI), Jaramillo, A. (CoI), She, Q.-B. (CoI), Adams, V. (Former CoI), Alam, M. (Former CoI), Awuah, S. (Former CoI), Bardo, M. (Former CoI), Bauer, B. (Former CoI), Burgess, D. (Former CoI), Czuba, L. (Former CoI), Daugherty, A. (Former CoI), Dwoskin, L. (Former CoI), Feola, D. (Former CoI), Garneau-Tsodikova, S. (Former CoI), Gensel, J. (Former CoI), Glazer, E. (Former CoI), Grady, M. (Former CoI), Graf, G. (Former CoI), Kapur, N. (Former CoI), Kolesar, J. (Former CoI), Korotkov, K. (Former CoI), Korotkova, N. (Former CoI), Leggas, M. (Former CoI), Mahmoud, K. A. (Former CoI), McLaurin, K. (Former CoI), Messaoudi Powers, I. (Former CoI), Nikolajczyk, B. (Former CoI), Ortinski, P. (Former CoI), Pack, D. (Former CoI), Park, J. (Former CoI), Prisinzano, T. (Former CoI), Richards, C. (Former CoI), Rohr, J. (Former CoI), Sen, P. (Former CoI), Shaffer, C. (Former CoI), Stevenson, B. (Former CoI), Sturgill, J. (Former CoI), Sviripa, V. (Former CoI), Tidgewell, K. (Former CoI), Tiruvannamalai Annam, R. (Former CoI), Turner, J. (Former CoI), Van Lanen, S. (Former CoI), Venditto, V. (Former CoI), Watt, D. (Former CoI), Webb, N. (Former CoI) & Zhan, C.-G. (Former CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/26
Project: Research project
Carryforward: COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Thorson, J. (PI), Adams, V. (CoI), Awuah, S. (CoI), Bardo, M. (CoI), Bauer, B. (CoI), Czuba, L. (CoI), Dwoskin, L. (CoI), Feola, D. (CoI), Gensel, J. (CoI), Grady, M. (CoI), Graf, G. (CoI), Jaramillo, A. (CoI), Kapur, N. (CoI), Mahmoud, K. A. (CoI), Messaoudi Powers, I. (CoI), Nikolajczyk, B. (CoI), Ortinski, P. (CoI), Pack, D. (CoI), Park, J. (CoI), Prisinzano, T. (CoI), Rohr, J. (CoI), She, Q.-B. (CoI), Stevenson, B. (CoI), Tidgewell, K. (CoI), Tiruvannamalai Annam, R. (CoI), Turner, J. (CoI), Van Lanen, S. (CoI), Venditto, V. (CoI), Zhan, C.-G. (CoI), Alam, M. (Former CoI), Burgess, D. (Former CoI), Daugherty, A. (Former CoI), Garneau-Tsodikova, S. (Former CoI), Glazer, E. (Former CoI), Helmy, Y. A. (Former CoI), Kolesar, J. (Former CoI), Korotkov, K. (Former CoI), Korotkova, N. (Former CoI), Leggas, M. (Former CoI), Richards, C. (Former CoI), Sen, P. (Former CoI), Shaffer, C. (Former CoI), Sturgill, J. (Former CoI), Sviripa, V. (Former CoI), Watt, D. (Former CoI) & Webb, N. (Former CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/24
Project: Research project
Molecular Mechanisms of Helicobacter Pylori Trans-kingdom DNA Conjugation
Shaffer, C. (PI)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
12/1/23 → 10/31/25
Project: Research project
COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Thorson, J. (PI), Adams, V. (CoI), Awuah, S. (CoI), Bardo, M. (CoI), Bauer, B. (CoI), Czuba, L. (CoI), Dwoskin, L. (CoI), Feola, D. (CoI), Gensel, J. (CoI), Grady, M. (CoI), Graf, G. (CoI), Jaramillo, A. (CoI), Kapur, N. (CoI), Mahmoud, K. A. (CoI), McLaurin, K. (CoI), Messaoudi Powers, I. (CoI), Nikolajczyk, B. (CoI), Ortinski, P. (CoI), Pack, D. (CoI), Park, J. (CoI), Prisinzano, T. (CoI), Rohr, J. (CoI), She, Q.-B. (CoI), Stevenson, B. (CoI), Tidgewell, K. (CoI), Turner, J. (CoI), Van Lanen, S. (CoI), Venditto, V. (CoI), Zhan, C.-G. (CoI), Alam, M. (Former CoI), Burgess, D. (Former CoI), Daugherty, A. (Former CoI), Garneau-Tsodikova, S. (Former CoI), Glazer, E. (Former CoI), Helmy, Y. A. (Former CoI), Kolesar, J. (Former CoI), Korotkov, K. (Former CoI), Korotkova, N. (Former CoI), Leggas, M. (Former CoI), Richards, C. (Former CoI), Sen, P. (Former CoI), Shaffer, C. (Former CoI), Sturgill, J. (Former CoI), Sviripa, V. (Former CoI), Tiruvannamalai Annam, R. (Former CoI), Watt, D. (Former CoI) & Webb, N. (Former CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/24
Project: Research project
Scope: Project 3: COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Shaffer, C. (PI) & Thorson, J. (CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/22
Project: Research project
Scope: Project Shaffer: COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Shaffer, C. (PI) & Thorson, J. (CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/23
Project: Research project
Scope: Project 3: COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Shaffer, C. (PI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/21
Project: Research project
Translocation of Effector Molecules by the Helicobacter Pylori Type IV Secretion System
Shaffer, C. (PI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
7/1/14 → 4/30/20
Project: Research project
COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Thorson, J. (PI), Adams, V. (CoI), Alam, M. (CoI), Burgess, D. (CoI), Czuba, L. (CoI), Dwoskin, L. (CoI), Feola, D. (CoI), Garneau-Tsodikova, S. (CoI), Gensel, J. (CoI), Grady, M. (CoI), Graf, G. (CoI), Helmy, Y. A. (CoI), Korotkov, K. (CoI), Mahmoud, K. A. (CoI), Nikolajczyk, B. (CoI), Pack, D. (CoI), Park, J. (CoI), Prisinzano, T. (CoI), Shaffer, C. (CoI), Stevenson, B. (CoI), Tiruvannamalai Annam, R. (CoI), Van Lanen, S. (CoI), Venditto, V. (CoI), Zhan, C.-G. (CoI), Awuah, S. (Former CoI), Daugherty, A. (Former CoI), Glazer, E. (Former CoI), Kolesar, J. (Former CoI), Korotkova, N. (Former CoI), Leggas, M. (Former CoI), Richards, C. (Former CoI), Rohr, J. (Former CoI), Sen, P. (Former CoI), Sturgill, J. (Former CoI), Sviripa, V. (Former CoI), Watt, D. (Former CoI) & Webb, N. (Former CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/23
Project: Research project
COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Thorson, J. (PI), Adams, V. (CoI), Awuah, S. (CoI), Burgess, D. (CoI), Dwoskin, L. (CoI), Feola, D. (CoI), Garneau-Tsodikova, S. (CoI), Glazer, E. (CoI), Grady, M. (CoI), Kolesar, J. (CoI), Korotkov, K. (CoI), Korotkova, N. (CoI), Leggas, M. (CoI), Mahmoud, K. A. (CoI), Pack, D. (CoI), Prisinzano, T. (CoI), Richards, C. (CoI), Rohr, J. (CoI), Shaffer, C. (CoI), Stevenson, B. (CoI), Tiruvannamalai Annam, R. (CoI), Van Lanen, S. (CoI), Venditto, V. (CoI), Zhan, C.-G. (CoI), Daugherty, A. (Former CoI), Graf, G. (Former CoI), Sviripa, V. (Former CoI), Watt, D. (Former CoI) & Webb, N. (Former CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/21
Project: Research project
Mapping the Intestinal Microbiome of Parascsrids spp.: A Pilot Study
Nielsen, M. (PI) & Shaffer, C. (CoI)
12/1/18 → 9/7/20
Project: Research project
Helicobacter pylori Blood Biomarker for Gastric Cancer Risk in East Asia
Shaffer, C. (PI)
5/1/18 → 6/30/19
Project: Research project
Caught in the Act: Visualizing the Architecture of Bacterial Type IV Secretion System Machinery at the Cell-Cell Interface
Shaffer, C. (PI)
4/1/17 → 12/31/17
Project: Research project
COBRE in Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
Thorson, J. (PI), Adams, V. (CoI), Alam, M. (CoI), Burgess, D. (CoI), Dwoskin, L. (CoI), Feola, D. (CoI), Garneau-Tsodikova, S. (CoI), Gensel, J. (CoI), Grady, M. (CoI), Korotkov, K. (CoI), Mahmoud, K. A. (CoI), Pack, D. (CoI), Park, J. (CoI), Prisinzano, T. (CoI), Shaffer, C. (CoI), Stevenson, B. (CoI), Tiruvannamalai Annam, R. (CoI), Van Lanen, S. (CoI), Venditto, V. (CoI), Zhan, C.-G. (CoI), Awuah, S. (Former CoI), Daugherty, A. (Former CoI), Glazer, E. (Former CoI), Graf, G. (Former CoI), Kolesar, J. (Former CoI), Korotkova, N. (Former CoI), Leggas, M. (Former CoI), Richards, C. (Former CoI), Rohr, J. (Former CoI), Sen, P. (Former CoI), Sturgill, J. (Former CoI), Sviripa, V. (Former CoI), Watt, D. (Former CoI) & Webb, N. (Former CoI)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3/1/20 → 1/31/22
Project: Research project
Establishing the Center for Agricultural Fluorescence-Microscopy Experiments and Biological Imaging (CAFE-BI)
Nagy, P. (PI), Kawashima, T. (CoI), Shaffer, C. (CoI), Vaillancourt, L. (CoI) & Goodin, M. (Former CoI)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
9/1/20 → 8/31/23
Project: Research project